To investigate the specificity and sensitivity of three different scoring methods of the 12item general health questionnaire ghq12 and hence to determine the best ghq12 threshold score for the detection of mental illness in community settings in australia. The objective of this study was to translate and to. The usefulness of the ghq12 was evaluated in individuals with significant facial disfigurement by examination of the impact of alternative scoring methods on case detection rates. Secondary data analysis of the 1997 australian national survey of health and wellbeing n 10 641, using the. The results were evaluated by the twostep assessment method 0011method. The general health questionnaire ghq is a measure of current mental health and since its development by goldberg in the 1970s it has been extensively used in different settings and different cultures 15.
The original version comprised 60 items and subsequently various versions of different length have been constructed and validated 30item, 28. In each question of the 30item ghq, the students were asked to choose among. The ghq manual notes that it is not appropriate for use with children but that it has been used with adolescents. Then a sample of young people aged 18 to 25 years old completed the questionnaire. Want to categorize ghq 12 into three categories for ordinal logistic regression. Download the 12item general health questionnaire ghq12. The validity of the 12item general health questionnaire. The ghq12 and ghq30 showed a good level of agreement in detecting distressed medical students.
The general health questionnaire ghq 12 by goldberg 1976 is a selfadministered questionnaire designed to detect persons that are symptomatic or at risk of developing the common, nonpsychotic mental health problems associated with depression, anxiety, somatic symptoms, and social dysfunction jackson. The score was used to generate a total score ranging from 0 to 36. Health and quality of life outcomes the 12item general health questionnaire ghq12. The 12item general health questionnaire ghq12 with malay. What is the general health questionnaire12 assessing. Can anyone help me with ghq 12 with ranking and coding. The reported cronbach alpha coefficient for the ghq is a range of 0. Results ard discussior 1 psychometric properties ofthe jcopa7iese z,ersion gh212 corrected itemwhole correlations of the ghq12 are presented by sex in table 1. Many factoranalytic studies have reported that the ghq12 has two or three dimensions, threatening its validity. University of groningen selfrated health and quality of.
The general health questionnaire ghq is a screening device for identifying minor psychiatric disorders in the general population and within community or nonpsychiatric clinical settings such as primary care or general medical outpatients. The ghq12 has been recommended as a reliable screening instrument for psychological distress in all clinical groups. Main version of the ghq, used to identify cases for more intensive examination. Developed in the 1970s, the general health questionnaire is a method to quantify the risk of developing psychiatric disorders. It is possible that these dimensions are the result of the wording of the ghq12, namely its division into positively phrased pp and negatively phrased. Since the dimensionality and the related psychometric properties of the 12item general health questionnaire ghq12 are still under debate, the present study compares different factor solutions from the literature to determine which shows the best fit and to investigate reliability and construct validity. It has been widely used and, as a result, translated into many languages and extensively validated in general and clinical populations worldwide. It is scored based on the four possible answers for each item. Using the 12item general health questionnaire ghq 12 to assess the psychological health of malaysian college students. How do i score the general health questionnaire 12 item.
The validation process has been principally psychometric in nature, focusing on the reliability and validity of the. The 12item general health questionnaire ghq12 is widely used as a unidimensional instrument, but factor analyses tended to suggest that it contains two or three factors. In addition, only one of the abovementioned cee publications deals with the 28item version of the ghq sprusinska 1994. Application file which runs by microsoft office excel, without activatation or any limitation unlimited report 2ghq28 questionnaire form in pdf. It is an effective evaluation tool that can be used to measure the extent of a particular condition. Suitable for all ages from adolescent upwards but not children, it assesses the respondents current state and asks if that differs from his or her. This study examines the likertstyle successive integer scoring of goldbergs 1972, 1978 general health questionnaire ghq with a psychometric model in which the thresholds between successive categories within each item can be estimated.
This instrument targets two areas the inability to carry out normal. The 12item version of the general health questionnaire ghq12 has become a popular screening instrument with which to measure general psychological health in different settings. To screen for nonpsychotic psychiatric disorders age. Results from the roc curve indicated that the ghq12 yielded greater accuracy when identifying mood and anxiety disorders than when identifying all mental disorders as a whole. The 12item general health questionnaire ghq12 psicothema. Thus, a valid and reliable instrument that is appropriate for the stroke. Construction of personality questionnaire scales free. General health questionnaire28 rehabmeasures database. On the other hand, as was stated earlier, the ghq28 is a frequently used. Correlation of the ghq28 is high with the clinical interview scale r0. The study findings showed that the iranian version of the ghq12 has a good.
The format of the full ghq is 60item test with a fourpoint scale for each response. This study set out to es tablish the best fitting model for the ghq12 for three scoring methods likert, ghq and. The ghq12 classifies each individual in the dataset as a case or a noncase. Suitable for all ages from adolescent upwards not children, it assesses the respondents current state and asks if that differs from his or her. Malay ghq30 and the malay ghq12 in detecting distressed medical. Does the 12item general health questionnaire contain.
Ghq12 is a shorter form of general health questionnaire12 ghq12 means general health questionnaire12 ghq12 is an abbreviation for general health questionnaire12. The psychometric properties and factor structure of the hindi and english versions were similar. There are currently three different scoring methods. Wording effects and the factor structure of the 12item. Ghq12 and global quality of life scores as expected r 0. Designed for use by doctors, psychiatrists and researchers, the ghq is ideal for use in community and nonpsychiatric settings. Then a sample of young people aged 18 to 25 years old completed the. Evaluating cutpoints for the mhi5 and mcs using the ghq. Backgroundthe objective of this study was to translate and to test the reliability and validity of the 12item general health questionnaire ghq 12 in iran. Using a standard forwardbackward translation procedure, the english language version of the questionnaire was translated into persian iranian language.
Due to the consequences of these challenges, psychosocial wellbeing should be considered an important outcome of the stroke rehabilitation. The 12item general health questionnaire as an effective. Am going to analyze population based mental health study that has used ghq 12 likert scoring 0 12 3. Pdf using the 12item general health questionnaire ghq. General health questionnaire 28 ghq28 stroke engine. The objective of this study was to translate and to test the reliability and validity of the 12item general health questionnaire ghq12 in iran. It has been translated in many languages and extensively validated in different populations. A crosssectional twophase epidemiological survey was used in a study of nonpsychotic psychiatric. The validity of two malay versions of the general health questionnaire ghq in detecting distressed medical students. The twelveitem general health questionnaire ghq 12 is intended to screen for general nonpsychotic psychiatric morbidity.
Previous studies into the factorial structure of the ghq12 have mainly supported multifactor solutions, and only a few recent. The validation process has been principally psychometric in nature, focusing on the reliability and. Individual and group the general health questionnaire ghq is a selfadministered screening device for identifying minor psychiatric disorders in the general population and within community or nonpsychiatric clinical settings such as primary care or general medical outpatients. Scaled general health questionnaire28 ghq28 spinal. The ghq 12item questionnaire is a quick, reliable and sensitive short form ideal for research studies. A well validated scale, such as the ghq12, with an associated cutpoint to distinguish cases from noncases is a good alternative. The factor structure of the twelve item general health. Read online the 12item general health questionnaire ghq12. General health questionnaire ghq statistics solutions. Pdf the structure of the general health questionnaire ghq12. Not much is known about the usefulness of the ghq12 factors, if they exist, in revealing betweenpatient differences in clinical states and healthrelated quality of life. The different versions enable researchers and clinicians to select the version most appropriate to their individual requirements. The general health questionnaire 28 ghq 28 is selfreport screening measure used to detect possible psychological disorder. Ghq30 and ghq12 to detect distressed medical students were 6 and 4 respectively.
Understanding general health questionnaire ghq28 score. Originating from the 60item ghq, shorter versions have been developed and validated, like the 12item version ghq12. The authors have no direct financial interest in any tools, tests or interventions presented continue reading. This analysis aimed to examine the optimal threshold of the ghq, its variability and relationship with prevalence of psychiatric disorder. Methodsusing a standard forwardbackward translation procedure, the english language version of the questionnaire was translated into persian iranian language. The ghq focuses on the clients ability to carry out normal functions and the appearance of any new disturbing phenomena. The ghq is available in several versions to suit different applications. Ghq12 were calculated based on the o 123 likert score for each response. Our aim is to find the cutpoints on the mhi5 and mcs that imitate the ghq12 cutpoint as closely as possible.
The questionnaire was originally developed as a 60item instrument but at present a range of shortened versions of the questionnaire including the ghq30, the ghq28. The 12item general health questionnaire ghq12 is used routinely as a unidimensional measure of psychological morbidity. Sir david goldberg and paul williams 1970 validity and reliability. The finding of variation in the optimal threshold of the general health questionnaire ghq across different settings has proved difficult to explain.
Several studies have documented the variety of poststroke psychosocial challenges, which are complex, multifaceted, and affect a patients rehabilitation and recovery. These validation studies have assumed that the ghq12 is onedimensional and free of response. Purpose of the measure the general health questionnaire 28 ghq 28 is a selfreport questionnaire that is used as a screening tool for psychological wellbeing. Iranian institute for health sciences research, tehran, iran background. No values have been reported for the reliability of the ghq28 for the sci population. Pdf the objective of this study was to translate and to test the reliability and validity of the 12item general health questionnaire ghq12 in. Since its development in 1972, the general health questionnaire ghq has been widely used as a screening instrument for minor psychiatric morbidity. The objective of this study was to translate and to test the reliability and validity of the 12item general health questionnaire ghq 12 in iran. The general health questionnaire28 ghq28 as an outcome. With the 0011 scoring scheme, optimum discrimination occurred near ghq 34, giving a specificity of 0. The internal consistency of the ghq12 was good cronbachs. General health questionnaire scoring refers to a specialized method of measuring changes or results based on the findings or data provided in a general health questionnaire.